非谓语动词的听课记录
2024年06月18日 / 全部文章 / 浏览:1 /
非谓语动词的听课记录
一、课程背景
非谓语动词是英语语法中的重要组成部分,它包括现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式等。非谓语动词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分,具有丰富的语法功能和表达效果。为了更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法,提高英语水平,我参加了本次非谓语动词的语法课程。
二、课程内容
非谓语动词的定义及分类
非谓语动词是指在句子中不能独立充当谓语的动词形式。根据其与句子主语的关系,非谓语动词可分为三类:现在分词、过去分词和动名词。
(1)现在分词:表示正在进行的动作或状态,具有主动意义。例如:Reading is my favorite hobby.
(2)过去分词:表示已经完成的动作或状态,具有被动意义。例如:The book has been read.
(3)动名词:表示抽象的、一般性的动作或状态,具有名词性质。例如:Swimming is a good exercise.
非谓语动词的构成
(1)现在分词:动词原形+ing。例如:eating, running, sleeping
(2)过去分词:规则动词过去式+ed;不规则动词有特殊变化。例如:written, walked, eaten
(3)动名词:动词原形+ing。例如:eating, running, sleeping
非谓语动词的用法
(1)作主语:当主语是动作的执行者时,用现在分词;当主语是动作的承受者时,用过去分词。例如:
Eating healthy food is important for our health.(现在分词)
Being healthy is the most important thing in life.(过去分词)
(2)作宾语:当宾语是动作的执行者时,用现在分词;当宾语是动作的承受者时,用过去分词。例如:
I enjoy eating healthy food.(现在分词)
I prefer being healthy.(过去分词)
(3)作表语:当主语是动作的执行者时,用现在分词;当主语是动作的承受者时,用过去分词。例如:
My hobby is reading.(现在分词)
My job is being a teacher.(过去分词)
(4)作定语:当所修饰的名词与动词之间是主动关系时,用现在分词;当所修饰的名词与动词之间是被动关系时,用过去分词。例如:
The man reading a book is my teacher.(现在分词)
The book written by him is very interesting.(过去分词)
(5)作状语:表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步等。例如:
He got up early, so he arrived at the airport on time.(时间状语)
I am happy to help you.(原因状语)
If you study hard, you will succeed.(条件状语)
Although he is tired, he still works hard.(让步状语)
非谓语动词的时态和语态
(1)现在分词:表示正在进行的动作或状态,一般现在时。例如:He is reading a book.
(2)过去分词:表示已经完成的动作或状态,一般过去时。例如:He has read the book.
(3)动名词:表示抽象的、一般性的动作或状态,一般现在时。例如:He enjoys reading.
(4)现在分词的被动语态:表示正在进行的被动动作。例如:The book is being read.
(5)过去分词的被动语态:表示已经完成的被动动作。例如:The book has been read.
三、课堂练习
用现在分词或过去分词填空:
(1) She is ________ (read) a book.
(2) The book ________ (write) by him is very interesting.
用非谓语动词作状语,完成下列句子:
(1) ________ (be) tired, he still works hard.
(2) ________ (study) hard, you will succeed.
用非谓语动词作定语,完成下列句子:
(1) The man ________ (read) a book is my teacher.
(2) The book ________ (write) by him is very interesting.
四、总结
通过本次非谓语动词的语法课程,我对非谓语动词的构成、用法和时态语态有了更深入的了解。在今后的英语学习中,我会更加注重非谓语动词的运用,提高自己的英语水平。同时,我也认识到,非谓语动词的掌握需要大量的练习和积累,只有不断练习,才能熟练运用。